Transcription:
DNA is in the nucleus, amino acids are joined together at the ribosomes in the cytosol of the cell. DNA molecules are too big to leave the nucleus, so the code for each amino acid is taken from the DNA to the ribosomes by a molecule called ribonucleic acid (RNA). RNA is a single strand of sugar and phosphates. The RNA molecule that takes the code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes is called messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA is small enough to pass through the pores in the membrane around the nucleus. Transcription is the process by which the mRNA is formed using the code in a DNA molecule. Genetic instructions are copied from the DNA to the mRNA molecule. Transcription is triggered by chemical messenger that enters the nucleus from the cytosol and bind to the DNA at the relevant gene. This causes the enzyme RNA polymerase to begin the process of making mRNA. The RNA polymerase than copies the bases on one stand of the DNA to make a complementary molecule of mRNA. On the DNA, the cytosine base (C) pairs with the guanine (G) on the mRNA. Where there is a thymine (T) on the DNA, an adenine (A) is added to the mRNA.** RNA molecules have the base Uracil (U) instead of thymine. When there is an A in the DNA there will be a U in the RNA**. At the end of a gene, a sequence of bases tell the RNA polymerase to sop copying, as a result the mRNA molecule is released. The strand that is copied is called the template strand and the other strand is known as the coding strand.
DNA is in the nucleus, amino acids are joined together at the ribosomes in the cytosol of the cell. DNA molecules are too big to leave the nucleus, so the code for each amino acid is taken from the DNA to the ribosomes by a molecule called ribonucleic acid (RNA). RNA is a single strand of sugar and phosphates. The RNA molecule that takes the code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes is called messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA is small enough to pass through the pores in the membrane around the nucleus. Transcription is the process by which the mRNA is formed using the code in a DNA molecule. Genetic instructions are copied from the DNA to the mRNA molecule. Transcription is triggered by chemical messenger that enters the nucleus from the cytosol and bind to the DNA at the relevant gene. This causes the enzyme RNA polymerase to begin the process of making mRNA. The RNA polymerase than copies the bases on one stand of the DNA to make a complementary molecule of mRNA. On the DNA, the cytosine base (C) pairs with the guanine (G) on the mRNA. Where there is a thymine (T) on the DNA, an adenine (A) is added to the mRNA.** RNA molecules have the base Uracil (U) instead of thymine. When there is an A in the DNA there will be a U in the RNA**. At the end of a gene, a sequence of bases tell the RNA polymerase to sop copying, as a result the mRNA molecule is released. The strand that is copied is called the template strand and the other strand is known as the coding strand.
Translation:
Translation is the production of a protein using the information that is coded in the mRNA molecule. In the cytosol, a ribosome attaches to one end of the mRNA molecule. The ribosomes then move along the mRNA three bases at a time. Each group of three bases that is the code for an amino acid is called an codon. Small molecules of RNA called transfer RNA bring the individual amino acids to the ribosome to be joined together as proteins. Each tRNA mole has a section that binds to its corresponding amino acid. The tRNA forms a tight loop, in which has three nitrogen bases that form an anticodon. The three bases of the anticodon can bind with the complementary bases of a codon on the mRNA molecule. The anticodon determines the type of amino acid carried by the tRNA.
Translation is the production of a protein using the information that is coded in the mRNA molecule. In the cytosol, a ribosome attaches to one end of the mRNA molecule. The ribosomes then move along the mRNA three bases at a time. Each group of three bases that is the code for an amino acid is called an codon. Small molecules of RNA called transfer RNA bring the individual amino acids to the ribosome to be joined together as proteins. Each tRNA mole has a section that binds to its corresponding amino acid. The tRNA forms a tight loop, in which has three nitrogen bases that form an anticodon. The three bases of the anticodon can bind with the complementary bases of a codon on the mRNA molecule. The anticodon determines the type of amino acid carried by the tRNA.
Transcribe a DNA and translate it into a protein:
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/molecules/transcribe/
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/molecules/transcribe/